Role of Fungi in Biodegradation of Bisphenol A: A Review

Bisphenol A (BPA) is recognized as an endocrine disruptor, capable of interfering with the normal functioning hormones within body by mimicking effects estrogen. Drinking water one most common pathways exposure to BPA it can permeate plastic products and other materials, entering sources. This article presents a comprehensive overview BPA, including its incidence, origins, environmental fate, impact on human health, role fungi in biodegradation BPA. Fungi are natural decomposers, breaking down organic compounds, under suitable conditions. Studies have demonstrated that specific species effectively biodegrade Some utilize ligninolytic enzymes, such laccases peroxidases, break phenolic rings Other employ non-ligninolytic esterases hydrolases, cleave ester linkages Furthermore, some via cometabolic pathways, whereby chemical degraded side reaction degradation another substrate. The use immobilized enzymes for has also potential. Immobilized those attached solid support, polymer or matrix, allowing them be used multiple times enhance their stability catalytic activity